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Solar Stik is the leader in hybrid energy solutions, paving the way to a future of cleaner, more sustainable energy. We manufacture renewable energy power systems, battery storage systems, power management devices, and high-efficiency appliances for a broad range of markets. Our products are used globally to provide power surety and sustainability in critical situations. Every day, we are energized by our mission to save lives across the globe through innovative power solutions. 

Our Culture

At Solar Stik, we push each other to reach high, we laugh out loud, and we turn out in force when help is needed. Our culture thrives on the compassion and respect our team members have for each other. We have high standards for the products we make because we have high standards for ourselves.

Integrity is at the core of how we build our products, work with one another and deliver to clients. We embrace change, promote clear, consistent communication and champion continuous improvement.

Our Values
  • Integrity
  • Honesty
  • Hard work
  • Self sufficiency
  • Innovation
  • Kindness
Current Job Openings

About the Job 

This is a dynamic role offering boundless opportunities for innovation and design, working alongside our talented and diverse Engineering team. The selected candidate will be responsible for designing, analyzing, and integrating components for cutting-edge power system technology.

 

What You’ll Be Doing

  • Research, design, prototype, validate, and test new and existing electrical/electronic power and control systems based on customer specifications, assembly requirements and procedures, and Engineering design principles.
  • Produce and validate relevant technical documentation, including electrical schematics, etc. utilizing technologies that will provide the best performance and cost solutions.
  • Continuously seek ways to improve existing products with a focus on cost, quality, and sustainability.
  • Assist with the development of Engineering standards and operating procedures.
  • Recommend, develop and implement tools and practices to improve team productivity and capability.

 

Benefits

At Solar Stik, you’re joining a team that is revolutionizing the way that work works for you. Our full-time team members enjoy:

  • Health Boost: Choose from five stellar medical plans, with two fully covered by us—at zero cost to you. Plus, comprehensive dental and vision coverage.
  • Future-Proofed Finances: 401k with an annual 3% employer contribution, even if you don’t contribute a dime.
  • Paid Freedom: Enjoy 6 national holidays off and 12 “bonus” days—yep, 18 paid days that don’t impact your PTO.

 

Qualifications and Education Requirements

  • 2+ years of progressive experience engineering power electronics. 
  • Proficient with the use of SolidWorks electrical CAD design software.
  • Proficient with Microsoft Office Programs.
  • Proficient using basic hand tools.
  • Experience building and testing prototypes.
  • Ability to interpret customer specifications into finished design.
  • Ability to develop and implement test plans.
  • Ability to analyze data and provide clear and concise reports with recommendations and supporting data.
  • Strong critical thinking, problem solving, and troubleshooting skills in a team environment.
  • Strong verbal and written communication skills.

 

Preferred Skills and Qualifications

  • 5+ years of progressive experience engineering power electronics. 
  • Experience designing solar/hybrid power systems.
  • Experience designing electrical/electronic systems for rugged applications.
  • Experience with thermodynamics and cooling techniques.
  • Experience with hardware/firmware/software integration.
  • Experience with PCB design.
  • Familiarity with UL, NFPA 70: NEC, IEC, ANSI, and military standards.
  • Familiarity with EMI/RFI and their mitigation.
 
Quick Apply: Electrical Engineer

About the Job
We’re looking for a Human Resources Director who will run all HR operations, from companywide strategy to the detailed administrative aspects. You are a key member of the senior leadership team, reporting directly to the COO, centering long-term people and organizational goals while leading the day-to-day people operations of the company, ensuring compliance, and continuously improving process, practices, and approaches.

The core mission of this role centers around talent – and everything we need to attract, develop and retain it. This position helps lead change, nurture a positive work environment, and shepherd Company culture and Core Values through the strategic planning and execution of initiatives within the HR department and company-wide.


Who You Are
You are a leader who understands the value excellent people operations bring to a business and how to create that value across the spectrum of HR responsibilities. You exemplify our values and ensure they’re executed across all people operations – without getting hung up on unnecessary bureaucracy. You value tolerance, meritocracy and consistency, executing with the highest integrity at all times. Being discreet, thoughtful and thorough is a given in all you do.

You are an executor, and are comfortable achieving a lot with a small team. You excel at allocating your attention to initiatives that bring the biggest impact, without skipping on details.


What You’ll Be Doing

  • Provide HR support and guidance to employees and management. Analyze employee metrics and propose solutions to enhance people operations
  • Implement and maintain HR policies and procedures to ensure compliance with federal / state / local employment laws and adopt best practices, including maintenance of the Team Member Handbook
  • Manage the full employee lifecycle, from recruitment and onboarding to performance management and offboarding. Ensure continuous improvement approach
  • Execute and further evolve talent acquisition strategies. Manage end-to-end recruitment for all hires (internships, temps, FTEs) including creating JDs, marketing open roles, running the interview process and managing recruiting / temp firms
  • Maintain performance management system, including individual performance plans and succession plans. Implement best practices, ensure all leaders are trained and all employees receive regular feedback and annual reviews
  • Lead the handling and resolution of employee relations matters with professionalism, confidentiality, and a focus on conflict resolution to ensure a positive working environment and mitigate company liability
  • Manage total rewards programs and plans, such as PTO, benefits, employee perks, etc. Work with Finance to update and administer company benefits plans, enrollments, and renewals including health plans, 401K, etc. as well as corporate insurance policies
  • Collaborate with Finance to process biweekly payroll 
  • Administer various HR software systems and maintain accurate info on all employees
  • Manage company salary structure including competitive market wage analysis while ensuring compliance with ACA, FMLA, and IRS employee benefits rules
  • Manage internal training programs and related grants. Ensure ISO-9001 compliance
  • Oversee Administration Departments including management of server / IT security requirements, asset tracking and security of business properties

 

Benefits

At Solar Stik, you’re joining a team that is revolutionizing the way that work works for you. Our full-time team members enjoy: 

  • Health Boost: Choose from five stellar medical plans, with two fully covered by us—at zero cost to you. Plus, comprehensive dental and vision coverage.
  • Future-Proofed Finances: A 401k with a 3% employer contribution, paid once a year, even if you don’t contribute a dime.
  • Paid Freedom: Enjoy six national holidays off and twelve “bonus” days—yep, that’s 18 paid days that don’t impact your PTO.


Qualifications and Education Requirements

  • 8-10+ years progressive experience in a fast-paced HR role with at least 5+ years of advanced experience (5 years +) and comfort with:
    • processing multi-state payroll 
    • benefits program administration (medical, dental, vision, 401K) 
    • total rewards development
    • talent acquisition and recruiting
  • Proficient knowledge and experience in labor relations and compliance, demonstrating an advanced understanding of employment law and best practices
  • Experience creating and implementing HR policies and procedures
  • Experience 3+ years of HRIS Administration
  • Working knowledge of compensation package development
  • Strong time-management, ability to organize and coordinate multiple projects at once
  • Advanced critical thinking, problem solving, and troubleshooting skills in a team environment
  • Extremely high emotional IQ and ability to handle confidential information with discretion
  • Excellent communication, conflict resolution, and interpersonal skills.
  • Bachelor’s Degree in general business field or equivalent experience
  • Proficiency in Microsoft Office and other office productivity tools, with aptitude to learn new software and systems


Preferred Skills and Qualifications

  • 1+ year in Manufacturing environment (DOD contractor a plus).
  • 2+ years recruiting experience in technical environment Engineering, Wiring, Production
  • PHR/SPHR/SHRM-CP certification preferred.
 

About the Job
The successful Junior Buyer is a tech-savvy specialist responsible for supporting the Purchasing team in facilitating communications with key suppliers and fostering positive relationships with vendors. The Junior Buyer will play a crucial role in sourcing materials, products, and services essential for our manufacturing operations. This role may occasionally support shipping and receiving, and will work both independently and in team settings. This is a fast paced, dynamic position with boundless opportunities for growth. Apply today!

 

Who You Are
You are detail-oriented and disciplined, and bring a strong understanding of supply chain management principles in supporting strategic purchasing decisions. You’re proactive and possess a solutions first mindset to solving problems, allowing you to be comfortable working independently as well as a collaborator with various teams across the business. You are quick to learn new technologies, and deploy them to being more effective.

 

What You’ll Be Doing

  • Support Sr Buyer in obtaining material quotes, price negotiation, and coordinating the procurement of material with the primary objective toward best quality, price, and delivery.
    • Focus will be primarily on items stocked on the floor (hardware, wire, electrical connections)
  • Assist Production Manager in coordinating manufacturing activities through maintaining up to date information on open orders, inventory purchases, etc.
  • Review and verify invoices, vendor packing lists, and bills of lading to ensure accuracy and compliance with company procedures.
  • Support Sr Buyer in the management of parts requests and purchasing all for Indirect Material, SOs, and R&D projects.
  • Record receipt of supplies and components, serial and other identification numbers, and adjust stocking levels in the MRP system.
  • Develop and maintain strong working relationships with suppliers.
  • Communicate with suppliers to rectify any cost, quality, and delivery discrepancies.
  • Participate in Cycle Counts and Physical Inventory.
  • Oversee the use and accuracy of the scheduling tools.
  • Assist in the documentation of related processes and procedures, in addition to generating spreadsheets, reports, and maintaining files.

 

Benefits
At Solar Stik, you’re joining a team that is revolutionizing the way that work works for you. Our full-time team members enjoy:

  • Health Boost: Choose from five stellar medical plans, with two fully covered by us—at zero cost to you. Plus, comprehensive dental and vision coverage.
  • Future-Proofed Finances: 401k with an annual 3% employer contribution, even if you don’t contribute a dime.
  • Paid Freedom: Enjoy 6 national holidays off and 12 “bonus” days—yep, 18 paid days that don’t impact your PTO.

 

Qualifications and Education Requirements

  • High school diploma or equivalent education.
  • 1-year related job experience preferred.
  • Experience working with industry-standard Material Requirements Planning (MRP) tools.
  • Excellent computer skills and proficiency in MS Office and G-Suite suite.
  • High attention to detail and level of analytical skills.
  • Excellent interpersonal, written, and verbal communication skills.
  • Excellent organizational and problem-solving skills.
  • Ability to handle multiple tasks with awareness of deadlines.
  • Must be willing to work extended hours on limited occasions.
  • Extensive experience working in a small to medium sized manufacturing company.
  • Familiarity with Lean/Six Sigma methodologies.
  • Team player.

 

Preferred Skills and Qualifications

  • Uses time efficiently and completes work in a timely manner.
  • Demonstrates attention to detail.
  • Demonstrates accuracy and thoroughness.
  • Observes safety and security procedures.
  • Able to cross-train in different areas.

 

Physical Demands and Working Conditions:

  • Physical Demands: The position requires the ability to stand, walk, and lift up to 35 pounds regularly and participate in team lifting. Candidates must be able to bend, stoop, reach, and work in various positions for extended periods.
  • Work Environment: The work environment includes exposure to mild changes in temperature and periodic outdoor work. Personal protective equipment (PPE) may be required and provided.
  • Schedule: This position is Non-Exempt FLSA status. It is a full-time, hourly position with regular hours. Occasional overtime may be required based on business needs.

 

The above cited duties and responsibilities describe the general nature and level of work performed by people assigned to the job.  They are not intended to be an exhaustive list of all the duties and responsibilities that an incumbent may be expected or asked to perform.

 

Quick Apply: Junior Buyer

Job Title: Electrical Engineer Lead – Power Electronics
Department: Engineering
Reports To: Engineering Manager
Position: Full-Time

Mission Statement
Saving lives across the globe through innovative power solutions.

Job Description

The Electrical Engineering Lead is a dynamic role responsible for the strategic execution of Electrical Engineering projects. The successful E.E. Lead will support the Engineering Manager in leading a cross-disciplined team to effectively maintain established timelines and spearhead the innovation process for leading-edge designs, whilst being an active participant in executing overall department duties.

This position offers opportunities for leadership growth, while simultaneously allowing autonomy for hands on design work. Apply today!

Description of Duties

  • Effectively lead the Electrical Engineering sub-department with emphasis on project timeline maintenance, task delegation, and overall project performance and success.
  • Research, design, development of electrical/electronic power and control solutions.
  • Produce technical documentation and test procedures required for all new designs utilizing technologies that will provide the best cost solutions.
  • Improve engineering processes and practices wherever possible.
  • Provide accurate and timely reports to management as required.
  • Prototype, validate, and test new designs as necessary.
  • Assist with the specification of new products based on the translation of customer needs, assembly, and engineering design principles.
  • Recommend, develop and implement tools and practices to improve Engineering Team productivity and capability.
  • Provide training and support to other departments whenever necessary.
  • Stay up to date with current technology as it applies to our products and markets.
  • Support Engineering Manager in annual performance evaluations for Electrical team.
  • Serve as a mentor and leader to other team members.
  • Champion company culture.

Qualifications and Education Requirements

  • Bachelor’s Degree in Electrical Engineering or related field from an ABET accredited institution or equivalent experience.
  • Experience supervising others in a team setting.
  • 5+ years progressive experience in a manufacturing environment.

Required Skills and Qualifications

  • Proficient with the use of SolidWorks electrical CAD design software.
  • Sound understanding of power electronics.
  • Experience specifying and applying battery chargers, inverters, and power supplies.
  • Experience building and testing prototypes.
  • Ability to interpret customer specifications into finished design.
  • Ability to develop and implement test plans.
  • Proficient with Microsoft Office Programs.
  • Proficient using basic hand tools.
  • Ability to analyze data and provide clear and concise reports with recommendations and supporting data.
  • Strong critical thinking, problem solving, and troubleshooting skills in a team environment.
  • Strong verbal and written communication skills.

Preferred Skills and Qualifications

  • Experience designing solar/hybrid power systems.
  • Experience designing electrical/electronic systems for rugged applications.
  • Experience working with Lithium batteries.
  • Experience with thermodynamics and cooling techniques.
  • Familiarity with UL, Proficient in writing and maintaining embedded software.
  • NFPA 70: NEC, IEC, ANSI, and military standards.
  • Familiarity with EMI/RFI and their mitigation.


Quick Apply: Electrical Engineer Lead – Power Electronics
https://solarstik.isolvedhire.com/jobs/1005693.html

Job Title: Administrative Specialist
Department: Administration
FLSA Status: Non-Exempt

Mission Statement

Saving lives across the globe through innovative power solutions.

Description of Duties

  • Supports in the overall efficiency and productiveness of team members and company as a whole through the execution of supportive operational tasks, strong communication, and the prioritization and proper fielding of requests and queries.
  • Assist in the creation, editing, scanning, laminating, updating, and filing, both physical and digital, of Administrative SOPs and other company documentation, notably our Master File Directory and the Team Member Handbook.
  • Assists team members with various IT requests, notably password reset requests and computer/equipment help.
  • Support Administrative Manager with IT tasks and miscellaneous company asset tracking including intake and tagging, assigning assets to employees, internal asset transfers, and decommissions.
  • Support Administrative Manager with maintaining a strong and professional relationship with outsourced IT support, including submitting trouble tickets, communicating/coordinating with team members to schedule IT support, ensuring server maintenance, and ensuring resolution of technical issues.
  • Supports in the onboarding and offboarding of team members tasks, including asset assignment, reference checks, inputting new hire information, workstation set up, and more.
  • Supports HR/Administration Manager with recruiting tasks including posting requisitions, resume reviews, candidate screening, interview scheduling/performing, and more.
  • Oversees company orientation and onboarding and Annual Training Program by enrolling new hires in proper courses and ensuring proper documentation/certificates of completion are maintained.
  • Support Administrative Manager in booking company-related travel accommodations such as flights, hotels, and rental vehicles; filling out related Expense Reports; and maintaining Travel Tracking documentation for potential audits.
  • Coordinates with other Administrative Specialist(s) to ensure that front door is continuously attended, that visitors are greeted at the door, and that proper processes and security protocols are followed (check in, issue visitor badge, etc.).
  • Manages guest accommodations including parking, sign ins, escorting them to proper location within the building, connecting with their Solar Stik POC, ensuring they are offered refreshments, etc.
  • Responsible for Conference Room cleanup/set up when hosting guests.
  • Assists Administrative Manager in booking, planning, and executing all team events including organizing agendas, planning team building exercises, ordering/picking up/setting up food and misc. supplies (All Hands, Christmas Party, Walk MS, etc.).
  • Spearheads and assists Administrative department with Walk MS fundraising initiatives such as team member sign up, fostering participation/commitment/positivity, maintaining team morale, and implementing creative strategies to maximize fundraising efforts.
  • Supports company safety program by conducting monthly safety inspections, receiving/making recommendations on safety (training) programs, ensuring PPE is stocked, scheduling annual inspections through third parties, and ensuring compliance with OSHA and other various safety requirements.
  • Tracks team anniversaries and birthdays and makes all related gift purchases.
  • Supports campus maintenance tasks (bathroom and kitchen cleaning schedule, garbage/recycling schedules, and the execution/delegation of general upkeep tasks, ensuring common areas are tidy, etc.)
  • Manages incoming correspondence, screening when necessary (mail, phone, etc.) and acts as primary administrator of phone portal actions (extension changes, call forwarding, voicemail set ups, etc.).
  • Responds to and resolves administrative ad hoc inquiries and tasks.
  • Tracking stock levels for janitorial and office supplies.
  • Runs as-needed miscellaneous errands and provides direct support to Administration Department and to the company as a whole.
  • Supports Administrative Manager with executing annual training grant applications and reimbursements and works with company Supervisors in sourcing, budgeting, and enrolling in programs.
  • Supports the demo equipment process in an administrative capacity by facilitating equipment checkout, enforcing return dates, and record keeping.
  • Supports Administrative Manager in ensuring proactive management/update of essential documents (registration, insurance, etc.) and other miscellaneous tasks for company vehicles.

Required Qualifications and Education Requirements

  • S. Diploma or equivalent experience, Associates Degree a plus.
  • 2+ years of administrative experience a plus.
  • Exceptional written, verbal, and interpersonal communication skills.
  • Basic understanding of fundamental IT functions.
  • Strong time-management skills and the ability to organize and coordinate multiple projects at once.
  • Strong critical thinking, problem solving, and troubleshooting skills in a team environment.
  • Proactively approaches tasks, showing a willingness to take on additional responsibilities and demonstrate initiative and creativity in problem-solving.
  • Computer literacy and proficiency in Microsoft Office and other office productivity tools, with aptitude to learn new software and systems; in particular, demonstrable proficiency in Excel and basic formulas.

Preferred Skills and Qualifications

  • Ability to multitask and prioritize.
  • Experience using asset tracking applications/software.
  • Events/team building exercise planning experience.
  • Ability to professionally handle, screen, and direct incoming calls appropriately.
  • Experience with Google Calendar and Gmail.


Quick Apply: Administrative Specialist
https://solarstik.isolvedhire.com/jobs/1079141

Job Title: Manufacturing Engineer
Department: Engineering
Reports To: Engineering Manager
Position: Full-Time

Mission Statement
Saving lives across the globe through innovative power solutions.

Job Description

The Manufacturing Engineer is focused on maintaining, developing, and operating manufacturing systems. The successful Manufacturing Engineer will support in keeping production costs down, while ensuring product quality and maintaining extensive knowledge and insights into projects.

 

Description of Duties

  • Evaluates and improves manufacturing processes through efficiency and time studies.
  • Develops manufacturing processes by studying product requirements, researching testing methods, and conferring with equipment vendors.
  • Improves manufacturing efficiency by analyzing and planning workflow, space requirements, and equipment layout.
  • Assures product and process quality by designing testing methods.
  • Prepares product and process reports by collecting, analyzing, and summarizing information and trends.
  • Provides manufacturing engineering information by answering questions and requests.
  • Ensures Production’s compliance with government regulations.
  • Coordinates to ensure equipment is operational by coordinating maintenance and repair services with Production Manager and Quality Manager.
  • Maintains professional and technical knowledge by attending educational workshops.

 

Qualifications and Education Requirements

  • S. Degree in Engineering, Manufacturing, or related area of study.
  • 2+ years of experience in manufacturing or industrial engineering
  • Strong analytical and problem-solving skills
  • Experience in electro-mechanical manufacturing environment
  • Ability to lead and work independently
  • Proficient written, verbal, and interpersonal communication skills
  • Experience with CAD software
  • Detail oriented, with a logical and data analysis driven approach to problem-solving/decision making.


Quick Apply: Manufacturing Engineer
https://solarstik.isolvedhire.com/jobs/1031494

Job Title: Sales Representative – DoD, Government
Department: Business Development
Reports To: Director of Programs
Position: Full-Time

Mission Statement

Saving lives across the globe through innovative power solutions.


Job Description

The Sales Manager role is responsible for generating new business, negotiating terms, closing sales, and increasing market share for Solar Stik products in the government and Department of Defense sectors. This position will be responsible for developing and maintaining relationships with new and existing customers, as well as with the Engineering, Production, Quality, and Finance Departments. The successful Sales Manager is a proficient communicator with exceptional interpersonal skills, and a motivation and passion for sales.

 

Description of Duties

  • Generate new quality leads and maintain communication throughout the Sales process.
  • Maintain current customer relationships and manage specified customer accounts.
  • Analyze the needs of customer and collaborate with Engineering in the development of unique solutions based on application requirements, current order timelines, etc.
  • Collaborate with Finance, Engineering, and other departments in quote preparation, timelines, product support, etc.
  • Support Director of Programs in the development and maintenance of programs as needed.
  • Attend and exhibit at trade shows and other events.
  • Act as additional support for Customer Service team.
  • Maintain CRM program

Required Qualifications and Education Requirements

  • 5+ years outside sales experience in the electrical and/or power industries
  • 1+ year experience in a technical or sales position working with military applications
  • Bachelor’s degree in applicable field of study
  • Discipline and ability to work independently to meet goals
  • Proven track record of meeting and/or exceeding sales goals
  • Excellent written and verbal communication skills
  • Willingness to travel domestically and internationally
  • Ability to lift 50 pounds

 

Preferred Skills and Qualifications

  • Technical aptitude to understand products
  • Excellent analytical and critical thinking skills
  • Proficiency in Microsoft Office


Quick Apply: Sales Representative – DoD, Government
https://solarstik.isolvedhire.com/jobs/1012211

Job Title: General Assembly Technician
Department: Production
Reports To: Production Floor Supervisor
Position: Full-Time

Mission Statement

Saving lives across the globe through innovative power solutions.

  • Description of Duties

    • Places parts in specified relationship to each other
    • Bolts, clips, screws, or otherwise fastens parts together
    • Works at different work stations as production needs require
    • Works on line where tasks vary as different model of same article moves along line
    • Helps pack and receive goods
    • Clean parts, using cleaning solutions, air hoses, and cloths.
    • Complete, review, or maintain production time or component waste reports.
    • Confer with supervisors or engineers to plan or review work activities or to resolve production problems.
    • Distribute materials, supplies, or subassemblies to work areas.
    • Drill or tap holes in specified equipment locations to mount control units or to provide openings for elements, wiring, or instruments.
    • Explain assembly procedures or techniques to other workers.
    • Fabricate or form parts, coils, or structures according to specifications, using drills, calipers, cutters, or saws.

     

    Qualifications and Education Requirements

    • High school diploma or equivalent education
    • 1-2 years related job experience preferred
    • Basic understanding of electrical theory preferred but not required
    • Use of basic hand tools
    • Team player

     

    Preferred Skills and Qualifications

    • Uses time efficiently and completes work in timely manner
    • Demonstrates attention to detail
    • Demonstrates accuracy and thoroughness
    • Observes safety and security procedures
    • Able to cross-train in different areas
 
Quick Apply: General Assembly Technician
https://solarstik.isolvedhire.com/jobs/1012215

Job Title: Cable Assembly Technician
Department: Production
Reports To: Production Manager
Position: Full-Time

Mission Statement
Saving lives across the globe through innovative power solutions.

Job Description

The Cable Assembly Technician plays a vital role in the Production process, and is responsible for the implementation and connection of wiring and electrical components in our products. The successful Cable Assembly Technician will have a background in wiring, experience reading schematics, and knowledge of circuit theory. Apply today!

Description of Duties

  • Assemble cables using standard specified hand tools and equipment.
  • Read and interpret schematic drawings, diagrams, specifications, work orders, or reports to determine materials requirements or assembly instructions.
  • Inspect completed unit to ensure that standards, specifications, tolerances, and customer order requirements are met.
  • Perform visual and dimensional inspection of in-process assemblies and finished products.
  • Consistently maintain acceptable levels of production according to established standards.
  • Confer with supervisors or engineers to plan or review work activities or to resolve production problems.
  • Explain procedures or techniques to other workers.

Qualifications and Education Requirements

  • High School diploma or equivalent
  • Ability to read and follow assembly instructions
  • Experience in production/assembly environments
  • Experience with hand tools and crimpers
  • Ability to lift 50 lbs
  • Excellent hand dexterity

Preferred Skills and Qualifications

  • Vocational or technical school training
  • Ability to interpret electrical schematics
  • Basic knowledge of electrical theory and circuitry
  • Basic use of hand-tools and measuring equipment
  • Proficient written, verbal, and interpersonal communication skills
  • Strong attention to detail


Quick Apply: Cable Assembly Technician
https://solarstik.isolvedhire.com/jobs/1012207

Job Title: Wiring Technician
Department: Production
Reports To: Production Floor Supervisor
Position: Full-Time

Mission Statement

Saving lives across the globe through innovative power solutions.

Job Description

The Wiring Technician plays a key role in the Production process, and is responsible for the implementation and connection of wiring and electrical components in our products. The successful Wiring Technician may have a background in Aerospace, Marine, or other applicable industries, will show proficiency in reading electrical schematics, and have thorough knowledge of wiring standards and circuit theory. Apply today!

Description of Duties

  • Read and interpret electrical schematics, diagrams, and specifications.
  • Prepare wires for installation using pneumatic stripper and crimper.
  • Position, install, and connect electrical parts, wires, and components to facilitate assembly instructions according to Engineering and IPC standards.
  • Follow work instructions as they pertain to Production processes and suggest improvements.
  • Ensure accurate completion of related documentation, such as travelers.
  • Inspect, test, and adjust completed unit when applicable to ensure that standards, specifications, tolerances, and customer order requirements are met.
  • Confer with Supervisors or Engineers to plan or review work activities or to resolve production problems.
  • Train and assist other technicians on techniques and procedures
  • Observe safety requirements and maintain high ethical/professional standards of performance, demeanor, and judgment.

Qualifications and Education Requirements

  • High School diploma or equivalent, vocational or technical school training preferred
    • 3+ years of related experience
    • Ability to read and follow electrical schematics and assembly instructions
    • Experience in production/assembly environments
    • Basic use of hand-tools, measuring equipment, and crimpers
    • Strong attention to detail
    • Excellent hand dexterity
    • Ability to lift up to 50 lbs

Preferred Skills and Qualifications

  • Knowledge of power systems
  • Proficient written, verbal, and interpersonal communication skills
  • Familiarity with IPC-620 Class 3 standards
 

Job Title: Wiring Technician – Temporary
Department: Production
Reports To: Production Floor Supervisor
Position: Full-Time

Mission Statement

Saving lives across the globe through innovative power solutions.

 

Job Description

The Wiring Technician plays a key role in the Production process, and is responsible for the implementation and connection of wiring and electrical components in our products. The successful Wiring Technician may have a background in Aerospace, Marine, or other applicable industries, will show proficiency in reading electrical schematics, and have thorough knowledge of wiring standards and circuit theory. Apply today!

Description of Duties

  • Read and interpret electrical schematics, diagrams, and specifications.
  • Prepare wires for installation using pneumatic stripper and crimper.
  • Position, install, and connect electrical parts, wires, and components to facilitate assembly instructions according to Engineering and IPC standards.
  • Follow work instructions as they pertain to Production processes and suggest improvements.
  • Ensure accurate completion of related documentation, such as travelers.
  • Inspect, test, and adjust completed unit when applicable to ensure that standards, specifications, tolerances, and customer order requirements are met.
  • Confer with Supervisors or Engineers to plan or review work activities or to resolve production problems.
  • Train and assist other technicians on techniques and procedures
  • Observe safety requirements and maintain high ethical/professional standards of performance, demeanor, and judgment.

Qualifications and Education Requirements

  • High School diploma or equivalent, vocational or technical school training preferred
    • 3+ years of related experience
    • Ability to read and follow electrical schematics and assembly instructions
    • Experience in production/assembly environments
    • Basic use of hand-tools, measuring equipment, and crimpers
    • Strong attention to detail
    • Excellent hand dexterity
    • Ability to lift up to 50 lbs

 

Preferred Skills and Qualifications

  • Knowledge of power systems
  • Proficient written, verbal, and interpersonal communication skills
  • Familiarity with IPC-620 Class 3 standards
 
Quick Apply: Wiring Technician – Temporary
https://solarstik.isolvedhire.com/jobs/1028620

There are currently no jobs available at this time.

Benefits

  • 100% Paid Medical 
  • Generous Paid Time Off (PTO)
  • 12 Paid Bonus Days / Company Closures
  • Paid Holidays
  • 3% 401(k) Contribution
  • Opportunities for Advancement

Note: We are committed to equality and diversity and we welcome applications from people who meet our selection criteria, regardless of sex, race, creed, sexual orientation, or disability. Solar Stik Inc. promotes personnel from within its own ranks, and we believe that healthy cross training fosters a well-rounded workforce.

Veteran Commitment

Solar Stik, Inc. commits to hiring returning veterans.

Solar Stik, Inc. is an Equal Employment Opportunity/Affirmative Action/ADA/Veterans employer committed to excellence through diversity. All eligible candidates are invited to apply for position vacancies as appropriate. To apply, please send resume and cover letter to careers@solarstik.com.

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  • 13 North Leonardi Street, St Augustine, FL 32084
  • +1 800.793.4364
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Lead-acid Battery Testing

Battery Voltage
Battery voltage, or state of charge (SOC), of a lead-acid battery can be estimated by measuring the open (no load) battery terminal voltage using a digital voltmeter. Prior to measuring, the battery must have rested for 4 to 8 hours after charge or discharge and resided at a steady room temperature. With these conditions met, voltage measurements provide an amazingly accurate SOC for lead-acid batteries.

Specific Gravity
Specific gravity can be measured in wet-cell batteries with removable caps that provide access to the electrolyte. To measure specific gravity, you must use a tool called a temperature-compensating hydrometer, which can normally be purchased at an auto parts store or tool supply.

 

Load Testing
Load testing removes and measures the amps from a battery, similar to what happens when you start the engine of a car. Some battery companies label their battery with the amp load for testing. This number is usually about half of the CCA rating. A battery rated at 500 CCA would therefore be load-tested at 250 amps for 15 seconds.

A load test can only be performed if the battery is at or near a full charge. Some electronic load testers apply a 100-amp load for 10 seconds, and then display battery voltage. This number is then compared to a chart on the tester, which compares common load testing results to CCA ratings to determine battery condition.

LiFePO4

Solar Stik uses only lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) battery chemistry in its lithium-ion energy storage products because it has safety characteristics similar to lead-acid batteries. LiFePO4 uses a nonflammable electrolyte, so when it’s completely discharged it becomes inert, making it safe for users.

So why do we hear so much about dangerous lithium battery fires?

In some lithium-ion polymer batteries, improper charging and storing can cause the formation of crystalline “needles” that can puncture the internal separator, resulting in failure or fire. This is not the case with LiFePO4 batteries because the reactants that store the charge are not flammable. All other lithium battery chemistries are volatile, reactive, and flammable, and if they do overheat and catch fire, conventional halon fire extinguishers will not put out the fire.

Common LiFePO4 cell types include cylindrical and prismatic (LiFePO4 chemistry is not packaged in pouch cells, another lithium cell type). It is easy to see how these were named, as they are actual descriptions of their physical attributes; they look like what they sound like.

Cylindrical

LiFePO4 cylindrical cells are all made of the same basic components. Each cell, and the entire battery, is enclosed by a resilient plastic container. Inside the container there is a “rolled” foil, and between the foil there is a layer of permeable “separator” material. A safe, nonflammable electrolyte (unique to LiFePO4) is added to each cell and saturates the “foil” and “separator”. The battery terminals are typically threaded (rather than posts) so that heavier-duty connections can be made to the load.

LiFePO4 is slightly less powerful than other commercially available lithium chemistries, but for many applications, the safety of its chemistry makes it the best choice despite its lower energy density. A LiFePO4 battery can be installed safely in any orientation. Safety vent valves are usually not required because the battery management system (BMS) will not allow the battery to overheat and vent gasses.

History of Lithium-ion Batteries

Experimental lithium batteries were developed as early as 1912, but it took nearly 70 years before a commercial lithium battery was developed for a wide market. Today, lithium batteries are most associated with enhancing “portable” capabilities. For example, they are the standard battery technology for high performance in portable electronics ranging from cell phones to laptop computers. There is a diverse family of lithium chemistries available. At first glance, they might all seem to be the same, but there are exploitable, distinct differences between them. The unique nature of the various chemistries allows each type to fill special application niches.

Even with wide market adoption in the early 1990s, as societal demands for lightweight portable electronics was burgeoning, the high cost barrier and complexities in battery management circuits would prevent lithium batteries from being used widely in support of larger devices or in scaled energy-storage systems such as large vehicles or uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems.

Today, lithium battery technology continues to evolve at a rapid pace. Manufacturers, driven by demands from new applications, are constantly pushing the envelope by making changes in the chemistry and structure in search of improved battery life and greater energy density.

Lead-acid Batteries

Lead-acid batteries are the most commonly used batteries and come in several different configurations. The oldest of the lead-acid battery types are flooded-cell (or wet-cell) batteries and can be either the sealed or the open variety. In both types, the electrolyte evaporates due to charging, age, or ambient heat.

In the mid 1970s, a “maintenance-free” valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) battery was developed.

  • Can be used in any orientation

  • Liquid electrolyte is gelled into moistened lead plate-separators

  • Gelled electrolyte allows the case to be sealed

  • Safety valves allow venting during charge, discharge, and atmospheric pressure changes


VRLA batteries can be absorbed glass mat (AGM) or gel cells. Solar Stik uses AGM batteries in its lead-acid products.

Flooded Lead-acid Battery Configurations

Sealed Flooded Cells

  • Frequently found as starter batteries in cars
  • Electrolyte cannot be replenished
  • Battery has to be replaced when enough of the electrolyte has evaporated

Open Flooded Cells

  • Usually have removable caps that allow you to replace any evaporated electrolyte
  • Battery life is extended due to replaceable electrolyte

VRLA batteries remain under constant pressure of 1–4 psi. This pressure helps the recombination process during charging when more than 99% of the hydrogen and oxygen generated are turned back into water.

Unlike the flooded lead-acid battery, VRLA batteries are designed with a low overvoltage potential, which prohibits the battery from reaching its gas-generating potential during charge. This safeguard prevents excess charging, which would cause gassing and electrolyte depletion.

History of Lead-acid Batteries

Lead-acid is the oldest rechargeable battery technology in existence. Invented by the French physicist Gaston Planté in 1859, lead-acid was the first rechargeable battery to be used in commercial applications. More than one hundred fifty years later, we still have no real cost-effective alternatives for cars, boats, RVs, wheelchairs, scooters, golf carts, and UPS systems.

The lead-acid battery is still the most widely used 12 V energy storage device. A lead-acid battery is an electrical storage device that uses a chemical reaction to store and release energy. It uses a combination of lead plates and an electrolyte to convert electrical energy into potential chemical energy and back again.

There are many newer battery technologies available in the marketplace. However, lead-acid technologies are better understood and are widely accepted as the standard by which all other batteries are measured. Newer technologies often have operational constraints, including maximum and minimum operating temperatures and special charging requirements that make them less versatile and useful for the average consumer in everyday applications.

Flexible Solar PV Panels

Flexible solar PV panels fuse form factor with capability and deliver maximum power generation with minimum weight. Flexible panels use amorphous silicon or copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin-film technology, which can be used with many substrate options that allow flexible panels to be folded or rolled.

Solar Stik uses extremely rugged, paper-thin, flexible PV panels that can withstand harsh conditions.

Construction

As the name implies, thin-film solar PV cells lack the thickness of other PV technologies. Composed of a very thin layer of substance on a substrate, today’s thin-film cells are one percent as thick as the first manufactured silicon solar cells.

Portability

Foldable or rollable thin-film panels make storage and transport convenient. For low-power applications that require portability, thin-film solar PV panels are an excellent option.

Panel Types and Performances

Numerous thin-film solar PV technologies exist today. However, they are slightly less efficient than other types of PV cells, so more surface area is required to generate the same amount of power. Most thin-film panels are designed for single-device applications, like recharging a battery-operated device.

The two most common types of thin-film solar PV panels are amorphous silicon and copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS).

Amorphous Silicon Solar PV Panel

Amorphous silicon is the oldest thin-film technology and arguably the best. When laid on a substrate, amorphous silicon does not require a grid configuration to conduct electricity, allowing it to be used on large areas with ease. However, it does not conduct as well as crystalline silicon solar PV cells used in rigid panel technology because the connections between the silicon atoms are not as consistent. This inconsistency results in interrupted electron flow.

Numerous substrate materials can be used with amorphous silicon, making the technology highly adaptable. Polymer plastic is one option for substrate. Because polymer plastic is flexible and able to be folded or rolled, it excels in applications requiring ease of storage or transport.

Amorphous silicon solar PV panels perform better in low light intensities. This makes amorphous silicon a good choice for environments with interrupted sunlight or dusty conditions.

Rigid Solar PV Panels

Rigid solar PV panels are ideal for stationary applications that require maximum power and a small installation footprint. They are the first generation of solar PV panels, provide more power per square foot than other PV panel types, and are highly durable. Rigid panels do not degrade significantly over time, making them a good choice for long-term investment.

Solar Stik uses both multi- and monocrystalline, glass and non-glass—impact-resistant and shatterproof—rigid panels.

Rigid Solar PV Panels

Rigid solar PV panels are typically made of glass or non-glass panels and aluminum frames. Rigid panels are among the best performing panels, but their physical characteristics make them a poor choice for certain applications—especially when portable power is desired.

Portability

Travel and storage can be difficult because rigid panels often contain breakable glass and cannot be folded.

The Solar Stik system design overcomes many of the physical challenges associated with the rigid panels. This results in portable power systems that draw from the best available PV technology.

Panel Types and Performances

The two main types of rigid solar PV panels are monocrystalline and multi- or polycrystalline.

Monocrystalline Solar PV Panel

A rigid monocrystalline solar PV panel is distinctly recognizable by the arrangement of the individual solar PV cells (squares with no corners) that appears as a uniform, flat color.

Polycrystalline Solar PV Panel

The surface of a rigid multi- or polycrystalline solar PV panel has the appearance of a rectangular grid and more of a bluish speckled color.

Performance differences between rigid solar PV panels can be experienced in high operating temperatures and shaded conditions. Monocrystalline panels perform better in higher external temperatures and full sun. Multi- or polycrystalline panels suffer performance losses in higher heats but have slightly higher outputs compared to monocrystalline panels when the panel is partially shaded.

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Battery Management System (BMS)

The role of the battery management system (BMS) is simple: It controls the actual voltage of each cell, so that it doesn’t get too high or too low.

BMS means different things to different people. To most it is simply battery monitoring, keeping track of the key operational parameters—such as voltages, currents, and the battery internal and ambient temperature—during charging and discharging. The monitoring circuits normally provide inputs to protection devices which would generate alarms or disconnect the battery from the load or charger if any of the parameters stray out of limits.
There are three main objectives common to all BMS:
1Protect the cells or the battery from damage

2Prolong the life of the battery

3Maintain the battery in a state in which it can fulfill the functional requirements of the application

To achieve these objectives, the BMS may incorporate one or more of the following functions:

Cell Protection Protecting the battery from out of tolerance operating conditions is fundamental to all BMS applications. In practice the BMS must provide full cell protection to cover almost any eventuality. Operating a battery outside of its specified design limits will inevitably lead to failure of the battery. Apart from the inconvenience, the cost of replacing the battery can be prohibitive. This is particularly true for high voltage and high power automotive batteries which must operate in hostile environments and which at the same time are subject to abuse by the user.

Bricking a LiFePO4 Battery

As soon as the BMS senses that the cell voltage is too low to discharge, time is of the essence to place the batteries on charge. Failure to do this may cause a fatal error known as “bricking”. Once the batteries reach their internal disconnect voltage, the voltage can fall very rapidly in the internal cells, causing the battery to brick. This means that the battery cells are nonrecoverable, and the battery module must be replaced.

Specific Gravity

Specific gravity of the electrolyte can be defined as:

A measure of the density of the liquid electrolyte compared to the density of water at a specific temperature and pressure.

The chemical reaction takes place inside the pores of the active material on the battery’s lead plates. If the battery has just been charged, the electrolyte in the pores of these lead plates is very rich in sulfuric acid. As a result, the battery’s voltage will be high, perhaps as much as 13 to 14 volts. As the battery rests following a charge, its voltage slowly drops and then levels off as the electrolyte stabilizes its chemical state between the plates.

“Zero Gravity” by Scott Robinson is licensed under CC BY 2.0

A similar change in battery voltage occurs during discharge. During the battery discharge process, the electrolyte transfers its sulfur content to the lead plates. As the electrolyte loses sulfur, its specific gravity gets “lighter” or closer to that of water, indicating that the battery has been discharged. Because the specific gravity of the electrolyte is measurable, it can be used to determine the state of a battery’s charge and health. While a fully charged battery may read 12.68 volts, the voltage will drop and then stabilize at a somewhat lower value as a load is applied.

The change in voltage occurs even though the state of charge of the battery has not significantly changed. This is due to the local electrolyte in the pores of the plates becoming less rich in sulfur as the battery supplies current. As the battery discharges, electrolyte more like sulfuric acid enters the pores while electrolyte more like water exits the pores.

As discharge continues, the electrolyte in the pores eventually stabilizes at a specific gravity somewhat lower than the average value in the battery, producing the slightly lower battery voltage.

Capacity and CCA

The operational characteristics of the lead-acid battery can be explained best by the terms capacity and cold-cranking amps (CCA).

Capacity is the amount of energy a battery can store. It is usually given in amp hours (Ah), or the amount of current measured in amps that the battery can provide over a period of one hour before rendering the battery discharged.

The secret of any battery’s runtime lies in the battery’s plate capacity. During charging and discharging, the lead on the plates gets gradually eaten away and the sediment falls to the bottom. The service life of a lead-acid battery can be measured by the thickness of the positive plates. The thicker the plates, the longer the life will be and the more energy storage you can expect.

  • The plates of automotive starter batteries are about 0.040 in (1 mm) thick.
  • Forklift batteries may have plates that exceed 0.250 in (6 mm).
  • A typical golf cart battery has plates that are 0.07–0.11 in (1.8–2.8 mm) thick.

The weight of a battery is another good indicator of the lead content and the life expectancy. Generally speaking, the heavier the battery, the more lead it contains and the longer it will last.

Most industrial flooded deep-cycle batteries use lead-antimony plates. Antimony is a metal that stiffens the lead plate and helps prevent battery failure due to structural failure of a plate. This improves the plate’s life but increases gassing and water loss. Antimony is not necessary in AGM batteries due to the rigid construction of the overall battery.

1953 automotive lead-acid battery

High CCA
High-CCA
Low CCA
Low-CCA

Cold-cranking amps (CCA) is the amount of energy a battery can deliver in short bursts. It is the maximum amount of current (amps) that a battery can deliver at 0 °F for 30 seconds without dropping below 7.2 volts. A high CCA battery rating is good, especially in cold weather. Starter batteries are often rated in CCA and are designed to deliver a short-duration burst of power, such as that required to start a vehicle.

Age and environmental conditions can affect the capacity and the CCA. As a battery ages, capacity and CCA will not degrade at the same rate. CCA tends to stay high through most of the battery’s life, but it drops quickly towards the end. If you drive a car, you’ve probably experienced this when, near the end of the battery’s life, suddenly the battery won’t start the car in the morning.

High Capacity
High Capacity
Aged
Aged

Capacity decreases gradually. A new battery is designed to deliver 100% of its rated capacity. As the battery ages, the capacity steadily drops and it should be replaced when its ability to store power falls below 70% of its original rating.

The overall health of a battery is most directly related to its capacity, not its CCA. As noted before, the CCA remains within the optimal range for most of a battery’s life, so performance and health declines will be most notable in the loss of capacity.

The illustration shows two fully charged lead-acid batteries, one with a high capacity and one that has aged. The buildup of visible “rock content” (crystalline formation, also called sulfation or memory) due to aging robs the battery of usable capacity, although the battery may still provide good cranking power.

Appliance Efficiency

Appliance efficiency is also known as load efficiency. As appliances consume less power, power source requirements also change. When designing a portable power system, purchasing highly efficient components can provide many benefits.

Appliance loads can often be matched to the electrical characteristics of the circuit. This will increase the system’s overall efficiency by allowing direct connection to the circuit without the need for additional power management devices to aid in the function.

The fewer management components used in a system, the more efficiently it will operate. For example, components such as inverters, converters, or similar devices used in a circuit to “adapt” appliances for use in a particular electrical circuit themselves require power to operate, and thus the total power required to operate the appliance is increased.

For example, a 12-volt direct current (DC) electrical circuit powered by a 12 V battery can directly support a refrigerator that also operates at 12 VDC. This setup will transfer power through the circuit more efficiently than if the refrigerator requires 120 V alternating current (AC) power. In the latter example, an inverter would be required.

It is prudent to shop around when looking for appliances because power consumption varies among models even within a particular appliance class. Purchasing an energy-efficient device can be more expensive up front, but could mean future savings in energy costs as well as a flexibility of use that makes the device compatible with a variety of portable power sources. When purchasing an electrical appliance, remember to ask if a 12 VDC adapter is available for the product.

Inverter Waveforms

PSW Power Inverters

A pure sine (also referred to as a sinusoidal) wave can be produced by rotating machinery (a generator). This is the type of waveform provided by electric utility companies. This type of power is available anywhere an outlet is tied to the power grid, such as in homes or businesses.

A PSW inverter reproduces this waveform through the use of advanced internal circuitry.

Advantages of PSW Inverters

  • Is compatible with household AC power
  • Is the best type of waveform for all AC electrical appliances
  • Eliminates interference, noise, and overheating
  • Reduces audible and electrical noise in fans, fluorescent lights, electronics gear, and magnetic circuit breakers
  • Prevents crashes in computers, unreadable printouts from printers, and glitches and noise in monitoring equipment
  • Can be efficiently electronically protected from overload, over- and undervoltage, and overtemperature conditions.
  • Allows inductive loads like microwave ovens and variable-speed motors to operate properly, quietly, and without overheating
  • Enables appliances that use pure sine wave power to produce full output

Disadvantages of PSW Inverters

  • More expensive than modified sine wave power inverters
  • Physically larger than modified sine wave power inverters

MSW Power Inverters

A modified sine wave (also referred to as non-sinusoidal or step-wave) inverter is different from a pure sine wave power inverter because the modified waveform output is step-shaped.

AC appliances that are not specifically designed to work with this type of inverter waveform output may take more power to operate, thereby reducing the efficiency of the entire electrical system. For example, some appliance motors may produce more heat and burn out when they are operating.

Other appliances that use electronic controls will not be able to vary speed or temperature when using modified sine wave power. Some fluorescent lighting may not get as bright or may make buzzing noises. Appliances with digital clocks or electronic timers may not work properly with this type of inverter because the waves are rougher and cause extra noise to be created in the circuitry.

The following appliances may experience problems when operated from MSW inverters:

  • Electronic equipment
  • Audio systems
  • Wall-mounted light dimmers
  • Corded power tools with variable speed controls
  • Some battery chargers for cordless tools
  • Devices with speed or microprocessor controls
  • Medical equipment
  • Lamp dimmers

Advantages of MSW Inverters

  • Substantially less expensive than pure sine wave inverters
  • Readily available and commonly used in the marketplace for items other than medical equipment and sensitive electronics
  • Smaller in physical size for the same power output as its pure sine wave counterpart

Disadvantages of MSW Inverters

  • Lower quality construction
  • Not compatible with all AC appliances

Categories of Inverters

Low-wattage Inverters

Most vehicle starting batteries will support a low-wattage inverter for short time periods. Actual operating time will vary depending on the age and condition of the battery, the Ah capacity of the battery, and the AC appliance powered by the inverter. If you use a low-wattage inverter that is powered through a DC accessory socket, and the vehicle engine is turned off, you should periodically run the engine to recharge the battery.

Medium- and High-wattage Inverters

It is strongly recommended that only deep-cycle batteries be used for any inverter with a continuous output of 200 W or more. This will ensure that you have several hundred complete charge and discharge cycles. If you use a normal vehicle starting battery to support a medium- or high-wattage inverter, it will quickly fail after repeated charge/discharge cycles (since starting batteries are not designed to perform this type of work).

When the inverter operates power-hungry appliances with continuous loads for extended periods, it will drain the battery to the point where the battery has insufficient energy to support the inverter. In these cases, it’s a good idea to have additional deep-cycle batteries available to extend the appliance operating time.

Lead-acid Batteries

Lead-acid batteries are the most commonly used batteries and come in several different configurations. The oldest of the lead-acid battery types are flooded-cell (or wet-cell) batteries and can be either the sealed or the open variety. In both types, the electrolyte evaporates due to charging, age, or ambient heat.

In the mid 1970s, a “maintenance-free” valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) battery was developed.

  • Can be used in any orientation
  • Liquid electrolyte is gelled into moistened lead plate-separators
  • Gelled electrolyte allows the case to be sealed
  • Safety valves allow venting during charge, discharge, and atmospheric pressure changes


VRLA batteries can be absorbed glass mat (AGM) or gel cells. Solar Stik uses AGM batteries in its lead-acid products.

VRLA batteries remain under constant pressure of 1–4 psi. This pressure helps the recombination process during charging when more than 99% of the hydrogen and oxygen generated are turned back into water.

Unlike the flooded lead-acid battery, VRLA batteries are designed with a low overvoltage potential, which prohibits the battery from reaching its gas-generating potential during charge. This safeguard prevents excess charging, which would cause gassing and electrolyte depletion.

History of Lead-acid Batteries

Lead-acid is the oldest rechargeable battery technology in existence. Invented by the French physicist Gaston Planté in 1859, lead-acid was the first rechargeable battery to be used in commercial applications. More than one hundred fifty years later, we still have no real cost-effective alternatives for cars, boats, RVs, wheelchairs, scooters, golf carts, and UPS systems.

The lead-acid battery is still the most widely used 12 V energy storage device. A lead-acid battery is an electrical storage device that uses a chemical reaction to store and release energy. It uses a combination of lead plates and an electrolyte to convert electrical energy into potential chemical energy and back again.

There are many newer battery technologies available in the marketplace. However, lead-acid technologies are better understood and are widely accepted as the standard by which all other batteries are measured. Newer technologies often have operational constraints, including maximum and minimum operating temperatures and special charging requirements that make them less versatile and useful for the average consumer in everyday applications.

Heart of the System

Lead-acid Batteries

Lead-acid batteries are commonly made of five basic components:

  • A resilient plastic container
  • Positive and negative internal plates made of lead
  • Plate separators made of porous synthetic material
  • Electrolyte, or a diluted solution of sulfuric acid and water, known as battery acid
  • Battery terminals—the connection point between the battery and the load that requires the battery’s power

A battery cell is a container in which electrolyte and lead plates can interact. The electrolyte is usually a solution made up of 35% sulfuric acid and 65% water. The lead plates are treated with lead oxide and powdered sulfates to give them their positive and negative properties.

When the positive and negative lead plates are submerged in the battery’s electrolyte, a chemical reaction occurs. This reaction causes electrons to flow between the lead plates. The negative lead plate builds up an excess of electrons in a process called oxidation. This causes an electrical difference between the negative plate and positive plate.

The extra electrons on the negative lead plate want to displace the electrons on the positive plate in a process called reduction. However, the electrolyte solution of sulfuric acid and water ensures the electrons cannot travel directly to the positive plate. When the circuit is closed (with the help of a “conductive path”, or load, between the negative and positive plates), the electrons are able to travel to the positive plate. This, in turn, provides power to any appliance placed along the path.

This electrochemical process can be summarized as a reversible transfer of sulfate between the water and the lead plates during charging and discharging. As the battery is discharged, sulfate in the solution combines chemically with the lead plates of the battery to form lead sulfate. As the plates accumulate this sulfate, the electrolyte solution becomes more like water and less like sulfuric acid. The reverse occurs as the battery is charged. As charging current flows into the battery, the battery plates revert back to their original condition and the electrolyte reverts back to its original sulfuric acid content.

Lithium-ion Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries are made of the following basic components:

  • A cell in which the active materials can interact
  • A negative electrode typically made of carbon
  • A positive electrode of metal oxide
  • A separator material
  • An electrolyte of lithium salt in an organic solvent (web)

The exact chemistry is often patented and proprietary to each battery maker.

When a charge is applied to a lithium-ion battery, electrons flow between the internal components. The basis of this reaction is the lithium metal binding and unbinding with the other chemicals in the electrodes at the ionic level. As power is drawn out of the battery, the metal moves from one electrode to the other, and when the battery is charged, it moves back to the original state. The metallic lithium ions literally move through the separator material.